DBMS > H2 vs. Immudb vs. NSDb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Immudb vs. NSDb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#369	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

nsdb.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.immudb.io

nsdb.io/Architecture

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Codenotary

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

2005

2020

2017

1994

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Java, Scala

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
Scala

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Using Apache Lucene

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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