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DBMS > H2 vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#344  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
DeveloperThomas MuellerHypertable Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSenX
Initial release2005200920161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2015
Current release2.2.220, July 20230.9.8.11, March 201616.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++CJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesJavaC++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoWarpScript
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseselectable replication factor on file system levelyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

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More resources
H2HypertableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLWarp 10
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