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DBMS > H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used in-process key-value storeTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#344  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comhsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSenX
Initial release20052001201919942015
Current release2.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases18.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesJavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes infoWarpScript
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

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More resources
H2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle Berkeley DBWarp 10
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