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DBMS > H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A widely adopted in-memory data gridSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comhazelcast.comspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperThomas MuellerHazelcastApache Software Foundation8Kdata
Initial release2005200820142016
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.3.6, November 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaScalaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategynono
Secondary indexesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesno
Triggersyesyes infoEventsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoReplicated MapnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlnoAccess rights for users and roles

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H2HazelcastSpark SQLToroDB
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