DBMS > eXtremeDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison eXtremeDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.73
Rank	#227	Overall
	#104	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.10
Rank	#100	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#231	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.mcobject.com

www.ontotext.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

rdf4j.org/documentation

Social network pages

Developer

McObject

Ontotext

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2001

2000

1989

2004

Current release

8.2, 2021

10.4, October 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

by defining events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning / sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.