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DBMS > GraphDB vs. Hive vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. Hive vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.ontotext.comhive.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasevirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.nebula-graph.iodoc.nuodb.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperOntotextApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookVesoft Inc.Dassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release20002012201920131998
Current release10.4, October 20233.1.3, April 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinuxhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesStrong typed schemayesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsJava, SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorCausal Clustering using Raft protocolyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID infotunable commit protocolACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoTemporary tableyes
User concepts infoAccess controlDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights for users, groups and rolesRole-based access controlStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHiveNebulaGraphNuoDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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