DBMS > Graph Engine vs. LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.67
Rank	#232	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Score	0.36
Rank	#280	Overall
	#40	Key-value stores
	#129	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.graphengine.io

www.leanxcale.com

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Microsoft

LeanXcale

Google

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2010

2015

2011

2014

2004

Current release

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

.NET and C

C++

Java

Server operating systems

.NET

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

C
Java
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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