DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Well established RDBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.67
Rank	#232	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

www.graphengine.io

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

spark.apache.org/sql

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

Microsoft

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2010

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2016

2014

2010

Current release

11.2, May 2022

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

.NET and C

C++

Scala

Java, C++

Server operating systems

.NET

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

C#
Java
PHP

Java
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

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Trinity
30 October 2010, Microsoft

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VoltDB Launches Active(N) Lossless Cross Data Center Replication
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VoltDB Turns to Real-Time Analytics with NewSQL Database
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VoltDB Upgrades Power, Security of Its In-Memory Database
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VoltDB Adds Geospatial Support, Cross-Site Replication
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