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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. Teradata Aster

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. Teradata Aster

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWell established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingPlatform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperMicrosoftActian CorporationMicrosoftApache Software FoundationTeradata
Initial release20101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201620142005
Current release11.2, May 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CCC++Scala
Server operating systems.NETAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenonoyes infoin Aster File Store
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesTransact SQLnoR packages
Triggersnoyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryesnoneyes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Framework
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSpark SQLTeradata Aster
Recent citations in the news

Trinity
30 October 2010, Microsoft

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