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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. Tarantool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWell established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.67
Rank#143  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#65  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.tarantool.io
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlwww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
DeveloperMicrosoftActian CorporationMicrosoftApache Software FoundationVK
Initial release20101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201620142008
Current release11.2, May 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20232.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CCC++ScalaC and C++
Server operating systems.NETAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesyesyesFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsFull-featured ANSI SQL support
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Open binary protocol
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesTransact SQLnoLua, C and SQL stored procedures
Triggersnoyesnonoyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatoryesnoneAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes, cooperative multitasking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes, write ahead logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnoAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSpark SQLTarantool
DB-Engines blog posts

Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication
9 November 2021,  Vladimir Perepelytsya, Tarantool (sponsor) 

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