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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWell established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsorientdb.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperMicrosoftActian CorporationMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPApache Software Foundation
Initial release20101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201620102014
Current release11.2, May 20223.2.29, March 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CCC++JavaScala
Server operating systems.NETAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesSQL-like query language, no joinsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesTransact SQLJava, Javascriptno
TriggersnoyesnoHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatoryesMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableno

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOrientDBSpark SQL
DB-Engines blog posts

Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
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