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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWell established RDBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperMicrosoftActian CorporationMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release20101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s200120162014
Current release11.2, May 202211.0, December 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CCC++C++Scala
Server operating systems.NETAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infoSQL92yesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryesyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyesno

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityIngresMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSpark SQL
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