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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RRDtool vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RRDtool vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtoolspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­docspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperMicrosoftThomas MuellerMicrosoftTobias OetikerApache Software Foundation
Initial release20102005201619992014
Current release2.2.220, July 20231.8.0, 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSSOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJavaC++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# availableScala
Server operating systems.NETAll OS with a Java VMhostedHP-UX
Linux
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
in-process shared library
Pipes
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
JavaC#
Java
PHP
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLnono
Triggersnoyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemonyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnono

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityH2Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseRRDtoolSpark SQL
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