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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Realm vs. SurrealDB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Realm vs. SurrealDB vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score7.41
Rank#52  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerrealm.iosurrealdb.comwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsrealm.io/­docssurrealdb.com/­docsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperGoogleRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019SurrealDB LtdTimescale
Initial release2017201420222017
Current releasev1.5.0, May 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageRustC
Server operating systemshostedAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noSQL-like query languageyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnono inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnoyes infoChange Listenersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoIn-Memory realmno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerRealmSurrealDBTimescaleDB
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Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

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Timescale Acquires PopSQL to Bring a Modern, Collaborative SQL GUI to PostgreSQL Developers
4 April 2024, PR Newswire

Power IoT and time-series workloads with TimescaleDB for Azure Database for PostgreSQL
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Timescale Valuation Rockets to Over $1B with $110M Round, Marking the Explosive Rise of Time-Series Data
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