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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDFox vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDFox vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oxfordsemantic.techgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.techgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperGoogleOxford Semantic TechnologiesAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release201720172012
Current release6.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no
Secondary indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes
Triggersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.replication via a shared file systemyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Roles, resources, and access typesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerRDFoxTitan
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Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

More AI Added to Google Cloud's Databases
28 February 2024, Datanami

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3 January 2023, INDIAai

Financial Crime Discovery using Amazon EKS and Graph Databases | Amazon Web Services
1 February 2022, AWS Blog

Finding patterns with rules, using Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Reasoning | by Peter Crocker
14 May 2020, Towards Data Science

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Titan Graph Database Integration with DynamoDB: World-class Performance, Availability, and Scale for New Workloads
20 August 2015, All Things Distributed

Beyond Titan: The Evolution of DataStax's New Graph Database
21 June 2016, Datanami

Amazon DynamoDB Storage Backend for Titan: Distributed Graph Database | Amazon Web Services
24 August 2015, AWS Blog

DataStax acquires Aurelius, the startup behind the Titan graph database
3 February 2015, VentureBeat

5 Q's with Graph Database Expert Marko Rodriguez – Center for Data Innovation
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