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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDFox vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDFox vs. TinkerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.56
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#299  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#12  RDF stores
Score0.05
Rank#356  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oxfordsemantic.techtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release201720172009
Current release6.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnono
Triggersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.replication via a shared file systemnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsnone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Roles, resources, and access typesno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerRDFoxTinkerGraph
Recent citations in the news

Google Cloud Introduces HDD Tier for Spanner Database, Cutting Cold Storage Costs by 80%
22 March 2025, infoq.com

New features make Google's Spanner a database for AI
1 August 2024, TechTarget

Google Cloud Spanner gets dual-region configuration option
23 July 2024, InfoWorld

Google Cloud adds graph and vector search features to Spanner database
2 August 2024, techzine.eu

Google Releases Spanner Graph into General Availability
19 February 2025, infoq.com

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Samsung Electronics Announces Acquisition of Oxford Semantic Technologies, UK-Based Knowledge Graph Startup
18 July 2024, Samsung Newsroom

University spin-out Oxford Semantic Technologies acquired by Samsung Electronics
16 July 2024, University of Oxford

Use semantic reasoning to infer new facts from your RDF graph by integrating RDFox with Amazon Neptune
20 February 2023, Amazon Web Services

Samsung ramps up AI capabilities with Oxford Semantic Technologies acquisition
19 July 2024, IT Pro

Samsung Electronics acquires British knowledge graph tech startup for AI
18 July 2024, Yonhap News Agency

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Unit testing Apache TinkerPop transactions: From TinkerGraph to Amazon Neptune
3 June 2024, Amazon Web Services

Automated testing of Amazon Neptune data access with Apache TinkerPop Gremlin
28 September 2022, Amazon Web Services

Figure 6: Performance of Dijkstra's algorithm in Property Graph...
7 February 2018, ResearchGate

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