DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Riak KV vs. Sadas Engine vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Riak KV vs. Sadas Engine vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Widely used in-process key-value store

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

SADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environments

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Key-value store

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.84
Rank	#100	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	4.01
Rank	#79	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Score	0.07
Rank	#373	Overall
	#157	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.sadasengine.com

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

www.sadasengine.com/en/sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/#documentation

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

SADAS s.r.l.

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2017

1994

2009

2006

2010

Current release

18.1.40, May 2020

3.2.0, December 2022

8.0

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

commercial

free trial version available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Erlang

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Linux
OS X

AIX
Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Erlang

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

links between data sets can be stored

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

managed by 'Learn by Usage'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes, using Riak Security

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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