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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle vs. SingleStore vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle vs. SingleStore vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used RDBMSMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.56
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score1226.57
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score3.69
Rank#70  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#176  Overall
#30  Document stores
#16  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.singlestore.comsurrealdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasedocs.singlestore.comsurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleOracleSingleStore Inc.SurrealDB Ltd
Initial release2017198020132022
Current release23c, September 20238.5, January 2024v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C++, GoRust
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux info64 bit version requiredLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infobut no triggers and foreign keysSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyes
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding infohash partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno infocan be realized in PL/SQLno infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access control via users, groups and rolesyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerOracleSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLSurrealDB
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Recent citations in the news

Google Cloud Introduces HDD Tier for Spanner Database, Cutting Cold Storage Costs by 80%
22 March 2025, infoq.com

New features make Google's Spanner a database for AI
1 August 2024, TechTarget

Google Cloud Spanner gets dual-region configuration option
23 July 2024, InfoWorld

Google Cloud adds graph and vector search features to Spanner database
2 August 2024, techzine.eu

Google Releases Spanner Graph into General Availability
19 February 2025, infoq.com

provided by Google News

Sphere Powers its AI Platform with Oracle Database 23ai
1 May 2025, Oracle

Oracle looks to open up data access in the era of AI
10 May 2025, SiliconANGLE

Oracle and Google Cloud Announce Industry-First Partner Program and Powerful New Capabilities for Oracle Database@Google Cloud
9 April 2025, Oracle

Oracle and Microsoft Add Powerful, Flexible New Services to Oracle Database@Azure and Expand Regional Availability
20 March 2025, Oracle

Oracle and Google Cloud Expand Regional Availability and Add Powerful New Capabilities to Oracle Database@Google Cloud
30 January 2025, Oracle

provided by Google News

SingleStore Acquires BryteFlow ​​to Accelerate Adoption of Real-Time Analytics, GenAI
3 October 2024, Business Wire

SingleStore Appoints Nadeem Asghar as Chief Technology Officer
17 April 2025, citybiz

Announcing watsonx.ai and SingleStore for generative AI applications
16 October 2024, IBM

SingleStore acquires BryteFlow to better digest ERP and CRM data
4 October 2024, Blocks and Files

SingleStore's BryteFlow acquisition targets data integration
3 October 2024, TechTarget

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SurrealDB Launches Surreal Cloud, a Fully Managed Database Service That Tackles the Complexity Issues Faced by Developer Teams
7 December 2024, insideAI News

SurrealDB Empowers Developers to Build Applications with the Launch of SurrealDB University
15 October 2024, Business Wire

SurrealDB's Surreal Cloud debuts on AWS S3 for scalable multimodel database as a service
4 December 2024, SiliconANGLE

SurrealDB is helping developers consolidate their databases
18 June 2024, TechCrunch

London-based SurrealDB secures over €18.6 million aiming to disrupt database technology
18 June 2024, EU-Startups

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