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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Splice Machine vs. TerarkDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Splice Machine vs. TerarkDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSplice Machine  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerOpen-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and SparkA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDBA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.54
Rank#252  Overall
#115  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticssplicemachine.comgithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdbgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticssplicemachine.com/­how-it-worksbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftSplice MachineByteDance, originally Terark8Kdata
Initial release20172016201420162016
Current release3.1, March 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0, commercial license availablecommercial inforestricted open source version availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLyes infoJavano
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningShared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar PartitioningnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownoYes, via Full Spark Integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSplice MachineTerarkDBToroDB
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