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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RisingWave vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RisingWave vs. Snowflake

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQLCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#237  Overall
#111  Relational DBMS
Score133.72
Rank#7  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.risingwave.com/­databasewww.snowflake.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­introdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftRisingWave LabsSnowflake Computing Inc.
Initial release2017201620222014
Current release1.2, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Rust
Server operating systemshostedhostedDocker
Linux
macOS
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesStandard SQL-types and JSONyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLUDFs in Python or Javauser defined functions
Triggersnononono infosimilar concept for controling cloud resources
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesUsers and RolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseRisingWaveSnowflake
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