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DBMS > etcd vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Coherence

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Coherence

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Coherence  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerOracles in-memory data grid solution
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#130  Overall
#22  Key-value stores
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
cloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­java/­coherence
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
cloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­middleware/­standalone/­coherence
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOracle
Initial release201720162007
Current release3.4, August 201914.1, August 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLno
Triggersyes, watching key changesnonoyes infoLive Events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyes, with selectable consistency level
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infooptionally
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesauthentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authentication

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More resources
etcdGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle Coherence
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