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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SurrealDB vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SurrealDB vs. TiDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.56
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score22.94
Rank#26  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#2  Wide column stores
Score1.08
Rank#176  Overall
#30  Document stores
#16  Graph DBMS
Score3.58
Rank#73  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbsurrealdb.compingcap.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbsurrealdb.com/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftSurrealDB LtdPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release2017201420222016
Current releasev1.5.0, May 20248.2.0, July 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageRustGo, Rust
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJavaScriptno
TriggersnoJavaScriptno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowwith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*noyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights can be defined down to the item levelyes, based on authentication and database rulesFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBSurrealDBTiDB
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