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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox vs. SwayDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox vs. SwayDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSwayDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineAn embeddable, non-blocking, type-safe key-value store for single or multiple disks and in-memory storage
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Score0.04
Rank#387  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oxfordsemantic.techswaydb.simer.au
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleGoogleOxford Semantic TechnologiesSimer Plaha
Initial release2017201120172018
Current release1.23, February 20216.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGNU Affero GPL V3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Scala
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
Java
Java
Kotlin
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonono
Triggersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonereplication via a shared file systemnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDAtomic execution of operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noRoles, resources, and access typesno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBRDFoxSwayDB
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