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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRDF storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.45
Rank#261  Overall
#41  Document stores
#122  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbrdf4j.orgwww.sequoiadb.comterminusdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdrdf4j.org/­documentationwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
DeveloperGoogleGoogleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Sequoiadb Ltd.DataChemist Ltd.
Initial release20172011200420132018
Current release1.23, February 202111.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2Open Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Prolog, Rust
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonoSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
proprietary protocol using JSONOWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesJavaScriptyes
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardingGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenoneSource-replica replicationJournaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedDocument is locked during a transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonosimple password-based access controlRole-based access control

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSequoiadbTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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