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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. RethinkDB vs. Sequoiadb

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. RethinkDB vs. Sequoiadb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRDF storeDocument storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.71
Rank#231  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score2.84
Rank#106  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score0.48
Rank#260  Overall
#41  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbrdf4j.orgrethinkdb.comwww.sequoiadb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdrdf4j.org/­documentationrethinkdb.com/­docswww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=index
DeveloperGoogleGoogleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.The Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Sequoiadb Ltd.
Initial release20172011200420092013
Current release1.23, February 20212.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++C++
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regex
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nononoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
proprietary protocol using JSON
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Java
PHP
Python
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesJavaScript
TriggersnonoyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneSharding inforange basedSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenoneSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedAtomic single-document operationsDocument is locked during a transaction
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoyes infousers and table-level permissionssimple password-based access control

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameRethinkDBSequoiadb
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