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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. NuoDB vs. Tarantool vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. NuoDB vs. Tarantool vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applicationsCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extensionSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score1.67
Rank#143  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#65  Relational DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.tarantool.iowww.vertica.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddoc.nuodb.comwww.tarantool.io/­en/­docvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleGoogleDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.VKOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20172011201320082005
Current release1.23, February 20212.10.0, May 202212.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprisecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C and C++C++
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columnsYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetimeyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesFull-featured ANSI SQL supportFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Open binary protocolADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava, SQLLua, C and SQL stored proceduresyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnonoyesyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session eventsyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infotunable commit protocolACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes, cooperative multitaskingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes, write ahead loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoTemporary tableyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistenceno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBNuoDBTarantoolVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBNuoDBTarantoolVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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