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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. RavenDB vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. RavenDB vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeWide column storeDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesravendb.nettrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdravendb.net/­docstrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMicrosoftHibernating RhinosApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release20172011201220102014
Current release1.23, February 20215.4, July 20222.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C#C++, Java
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonoSQL-like query language (RQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoyesJava Stored Procedures
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyesyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnooptimistic lockingACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesAuthorization levels configured per client per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Table StorageRavenDBTrafodion
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