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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
RDF storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.45
Rank#261  Overall
#41  Document stores
#122  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.marklogic.comrdf4j.orgwww.sequoiadb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.marklogic.comrdf4j.org/­documentationwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=index
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMarkLogic Corp.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Sequoiadb Ltd.
Initial release20172011200120042013
Current release1.23, February 202111.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++JavaC++
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regex
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infoSQL92noSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
proprietary protocol using JSON
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptyesJavaScript
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyesnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedDocument is locked during a transaction
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsnosimple password-based access control

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBMarkLogicRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSequoiadb
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