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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LMDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LMDB vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.94
Rank#120  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score0.22
Rank#305  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#15  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleSymasOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release201720112017
Current release0.9.32, January 20246.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnono
Triggersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonereplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noRoles, resources, and access types

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLMDBRDFox
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