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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. KeyDB vs. LMDB vs. MaxDB vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. KeyDB vs. LMDB vs. MaxDB vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#229  Overall
#32  Key-value stores
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
www.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbmaxdb.sap.comquestdb.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.keydb.devwww.lmdb.tech/­docmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperGoogleEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.SymasSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997QuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release20172019201119842014
Current release0.9.32, January 20247.9.10.12, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSD-3Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CC++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoby using the Redis Search modulenoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonoyesSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoLuanoyesno
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenonehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsACIDACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)simple password-based access control and ACLnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerKeyDBLMDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DQuestDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerKeyDBLMDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DQuestDB
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