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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.marklogic.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.marklogic.comdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationMarkLogic Corp.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release20171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20011994
Current release11.2, May 202211.0, December 202218.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infoSQL92yes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptno
Triggersnoyesyesyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres ReplicatoryesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIngresMarkLogicOracle Berkeley DB
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