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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. InfluxDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. InfluxDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonInfluxDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.DBMS for storing time series, events and metricsWidely used in-process key-value storeCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infoColumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith GEO packageSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score24.39
Rank#28  Overall
#1  Time Series DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.influxdata.com/­products/­influxdb-overviewwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.vertica.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.influxdata.com/­influxdbdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlvertica.com/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett PackardOpenLink Software
Initial release20172013199420051998
Current release2.7.6, April 202418.1.40, May 202012.0.3, January 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT-License; commercial enterprise version availableOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containersno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X infothrough Homebrew
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data and Stringsnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionnoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query languageyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
JSON over UDP
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differencesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes, called Custom Alertsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoin enterprise version onlynonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor infoin enterprise version onlySource-replica replicationMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono infoBi-directional Spark integrationyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoDepending on used storage engineyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)simple rights management via user accountsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hashFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerInfluxDBOracle Berkeley DBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™Virtuoso
Specific characteristicsInfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesTime to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosIoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersInfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsFastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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