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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. MarkLogic vs. Teradata Aster vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. MarkLogic vs. Teradata Aster vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databasePlatform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.marklogic.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.immudb.iodocs.marklogic.comwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleCodenotaryMarkLogic Corp.TeradataJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20172020200120052019
Current release1.2.3, April 202211.0, December 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++Clojure
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infoin Aster File Storeno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like syntaxyes infoSQL92yeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptR packagesno
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Frameworkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerImmudbMarkLogicTeradata AsterXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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