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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. LMDB vs. Realm vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. LMDB vs. Realm vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeKey-value storeDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbrealm.iowww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docrealm.io/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperGoogleHypertable Inc.SymasRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019Stardog-Union
Initial release20172009201120142010
Current release0.9.8.11, March 20160.9.32, January 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen SourceOpen Sourcecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Linux
Unix
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansnoyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nononoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Thrift
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononono inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnononoyes infoChange Listenersyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor on file system levelnonenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoIn-Memory realmyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHypertableLMDBRealmStardog
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