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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. LMDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. LMDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdb
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­doc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleHypertable Inc.Symas
Initial release2013201720092011
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.9.8.11, March 20160.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Linux
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Thrift
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonono
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor on file system levelnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nono

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerHypertableLMDB
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