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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsorientdb.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release2017200120162010
Current release2.7.2, June 20233.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLTransact SQLJava, Javascript
TriggersnoyesnoHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyesMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOrientDB
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