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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hazelcast vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hazelcast vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A widely adopted in-memory data gridWell established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score6.87
Rank#55  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score4.67
Rank#77  Overall
#42  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhazelcast.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperGoogleHazelcastActian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release201720081974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2019
Current release5.3.6, November 202311.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query languageyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyes infoEventsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoReplicated MapIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHazelcastIngresMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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