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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Widely used in-process key-value storeSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.harperdb.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperGoogleHarperDBOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleApache Software FoundationByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release20172017199420142016
Current release3.1, August 202118.1.40, May 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageNode.jsC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)ScalaC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON data typesnoyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like data manipulation statementsyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1nonono
Triggersnonoyes infoonly for the SQL APInono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternoneyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedSource-replica replicationnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesnonono

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHarperDBOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQLTerarkDB
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