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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RDF4J vs. SAP Advantage Database Server vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RDF4J vs. SAP Advantage Database Server vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
SAP Advantage Database Server seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Low-cost RDBMS with access to ISAM and FoxPro data structuresTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score7.57
Rank#47  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.72
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score4.09
Rank#72  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comrdf4j.orgwww.sap.com/products/advantage-database-server.htmlpingcap.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Sybase, SAPPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20172005200419932016
Current release2.2.220, July 20238.2.0, July 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaJavaGo, Rust
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
.NET Client API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaJava
PHP
Python
Delphi
Perl
PHP
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesyesno
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneMulti-source replication infoCONFLICT Trigger to resolve replication conflicts
Source-replica replication
Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno infocaching of (temporary) tables can be configuredno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerH2RDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADSTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2RDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADSTiDB
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