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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RavenDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlravendb.net
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerMicrosoftOracleHibernating Rhinos
Initial release20172005201620112010
Current release2.2.220, July 202323.3, December 20235.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC#
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptionalno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaC#
Java
PHP
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLnoyes
Triggersnoyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonowith Hadoop integrationyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infooff heap cache
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and rolesAuthorization levels configured per client per database

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle NoSQLRavenDB
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