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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. MaxDB vs. Milvus vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. MaxDB vs. Milvus vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.32
Rank#112  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.commaxdb.sap.commilvus.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release20172005198420191994
Current release2.2.220, July 20237.9.10.12, February 20242.3.4, January 202418.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaC++C++, GoC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesnono
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsno
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerH2MaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMilvusOracle Berkeley DB
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2MaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMilvusOracle Berkeley DB
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