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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Cloud-based data warehousing serviceWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score1.30
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehousewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerIBMOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release2017200520141994
Current release2.2.220, July 202318.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaJava
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsPL/SQL, SQL PLno
Triggersnoyesyesyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2IBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBOracle Berkeley DB
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