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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score19.42
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comhsqldb.orgwww.memcached.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikidocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalMicrosoft
Initial release20172005200120032016
Current release2.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 20231.6.25, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaCC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocolADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLnoTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenonenone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesnoyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolyes

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMemcachedMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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