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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. Tarantool

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A widely adopted in-memory data gridIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Spatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score1.67
Rank#143  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#65  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comhazelcast.comwww.tarantool.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docswww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerHazelcastVK
Initial release2017200520082008
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.3.6, November 20232.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query languageFull-featured ANSI SQL support
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Open binary protocol
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesLua, C and SQL stored procedures
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoReplicated MapAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes, cooperative multitasking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, write ahead logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2HazelcastTarantool
DB-Engines blog posts

Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication
9 November 2021,  Vladimir Perepelytsya, Tarantool (sponsor) 

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