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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. NuoDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. NuoDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A widely adopted in-memory data gridNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comhazelcast.comwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaserdf4j.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdoc.nuodb.comrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerHazelcastDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20172005200820132004
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.3.6, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query languageyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesJava, SQLyes
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtennone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoReplicated Mapyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACID infotunable commit protocolACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2HazelcastNuoDBRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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