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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Memcached

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Memcached

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for caching
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score19.42
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comwww.harperdb.iohsqldb.orgwww.memcached.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.harperdb.io/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wiki
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerHarperDBDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournal
Initial release20172005201720012003
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.1, August 20212.7.2, June 20231.6.25, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaNode.jsJavaC
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemayesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like data manipulation statementsyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Java, SQLno
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definednonenone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallity
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using LMDByesno
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocol

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2HarperDBHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMemcached
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