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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GridDB vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GridDB vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGridDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Scalable in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and Big DataAn open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4jFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score1.95
Rank#128  Overall
#10  Time Series DBMS
Score3.02
Rank#98  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergriddb.netmemgraph.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.griddb.netmemgraph.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.nebula-graph.io
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookGitHubDiscord
DeveloperGoogleToshiba CorporationMemgraph LtdMicrosoftVesoft Inc.
Initial release20172013201720192019
Current release5.1, August 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3 and Apache License, version 2.0 , commercial license (standard and advanced editions) also availableOpen Source infoBSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinuxhostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Strong typed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infonumerical, string, blob, geometry, boolean, timestampyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL92, SQL-like TQL (Toshiba Query Language)noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infodynamic graph partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Causal Clustering using Raft protocol
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowConnector for using GridDB as an input source and output destination for Hadoop MapReduce jobsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency within container, eventual consistency across containersImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes inforelationships in graphsnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID at container levelACID infowith snapshot isolationnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changesyesyes infousing RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users can be defined per databaseUsers, roles and permissionsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGridDBMemgraphMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNebulaGraph
Specific characteristicsGridDB is a highly scalable, in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and...
» more
Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantages1. Optimized for IoT Equipped with Toshiba's proprietary key-container data model...
» more
Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosFactory IoT, Automative Industry, Energy, BEMS, Smart Community, Monitoring system.
» more
Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersDenso International [see use case ] An Electric Power company [see use case ] Ishinomaki...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsGitHub trending repository
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen Source license (AGPL v3 & Apache v2) Commercial license (subscription)
» more
You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGridDBMemgraphMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNebulaGraph
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