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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. HBase vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. HBase vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSWide column storeWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webhbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iohbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperGoogleChris DavisApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetHypertable Inc.Microsoft
Initial release20172006200820092019
Current release2.3.4, January 20210.9.8.11, March 2016cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languagePythonJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data onlyoptions to bring your own types, AVROnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnonorestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nononoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Sockets
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
C++ API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoCoprocessors in JavanoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor on file system levelyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownoyesyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)nono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraphiteHBaseHypertableMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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