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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Trafodion vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Trafodion vs. YugabyteDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMSHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comtrafodion.apache.orgwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.htmldocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HPYugabyte Inc.
Initial release2017200020142017
Current release10.4, October 20232.3.0, February 20192.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaC++, JavaC and C++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.NetC
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJava Stored Proceduresyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationyes, via HBaseBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infovia user defined functions and HBaseno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMTrafodionYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more
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