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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Vertica

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbvertica.com/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextMicrosoftOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2017200020142005
Current release10.4, October 202312.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query languageFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJavaScriptyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
TriggersnonoJavaScriptyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more
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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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